Biotin, also known as Vitamin H or Coenzyme R, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin (vitamin B7) discovered by Bateman in 1916. It is composed of a ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is a coenzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and it plays a role in gluconeogenesis.
The high affinity (10-15 M-1) between the glycoprotein avidin and biotin has been exploied for a variety of bioanalytical applications such as affinity chromatography, localization, immunodiagnostics, and detection of nucleic acids. A key feature of the avidin-biotin technology requires the prior covalent modification of the biological probe or matrix with biotinylated derivatives. Thus, a number of biotinylating reagents have been reported. For example, to name a few, biotinyl-p-nitrophenyl and biotin N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, biotin and biocytin hydrazides, photobiotin, and 3-(N-maleimidopropionyl)biocytin.
The high affinity (10-15 M-1) between the glycoprotein avidin and biotin has been exploied for a variety of bioanalytical applications such as affinity chromatography, localization, immunodiagnostics, and detection of nucleic acids. A key feature of the avidin-biotin technology requires the prior covalent modification of the biological probe or matrix with biotinylated derivatives. Thus, a number of biotinylating reagents have been reported. For example, to name a few, biotinyl-p-nitrophenyl and biotin N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, biotin and biocytin hydrazides, photobiotin, and 3-(N-maleimidopropionyl)biocytin.
Synonyms: (+)-biotin; d-biotin; D-(+)-biotin; Bioepiderm; Bios II; B group vitamin; coenzyme R, 3, 4-(2' -ketoimidazolido)-2-thiophane-n-valeric acid; hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3, 4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid; Factor S; Factor S (vitamin); vitamin B7; Vitamin H
Synonyms: Biotin N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, Biotin-OSU, Biotin NHS, Biotin SE, NHS-Biotin
Synonyms: Biotin-[2-(2-pyridyldithio)ethylamide
In addition to distribute a variety of cell lines for research use, BioMaxLab also provides a broad range of cell culture related services to help the research community. These comprise basic cell culture technology, e.g. cell cultivation and expanding cell cultures, but also authentication and contamination tests. We offer the following cell line services.
Cross-contamination and misidentification of cell lines are unfortunately very common within the research community. Many contaminated cell lines were overgrown by the contaminating cell line during establishment and so authentic stocks probably do not exist; in those cases all work has been performed on the
The presence of mycoplasma in cell cultures directly impacts your work. Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture is wide-spread and difficult to notice. Usually there is an absence of visible morphological changes but the invisible effects on the cell cultures are what
BioMaxLab provides a variety of cell lines: cancer, immortalized, primary, and stable cell lines for research studies. These cell lines can be used to improve our understanding of diseases. We only carry quality and identified cell lines and they are validated.
For decades, cancer cell cultures grown in Petri dishes have been the foundation of cancer biology and the quest for drug treatments. We carry the following cell lines categorized by organ
The ability to develop immortalized cells in vitro is a powerful tool for the biological investigator. Most cells can only be reproduced unchanged for a limited number of cell generations before the initial cell lines die. The immortalization of cells establishes
Primary cells are cells obtained directly from the tissue with no passages. Primary cell lines represent the best experimental models for in vivo situations. Primary cells have the same karyotype as the parent tissue normal or abnormal. And primary cells
Stable cell line is the best solution, not only to manufacture therapeutic and diagnostic proteins, but also for application in drug screenings, as well as pharmacological and
Building blocks are the basic components for organic synthesis. We offer a market-leading range of building blocks including functionalized heterocycles, carbonyl compounds, nitrogen and oxygen compounds, halogenated compounds, alkynes, azides, and fluorinated compounds. We have the following building blocks and we will have more new compounds to come.
Our chemistry team cares about our product qualities and therefore your satisfaction is guaranteed.
Our chemistry team cares about our product qualities and therefore your satisfaction is guaranteed.
- Alcohols and Phenols
- Alkenes
- Alkynyl Compounds
- Amines and Anilines
- Amino Acids and Derivatives
- Aryl Compounds
- Boronic Acids and Esters
- Carbohydrates
- Carbonyl Compounds
- Fluoro Compounds
- Halides
- Heterocycles
- Material Sciences
- Multifunctional Compounds
- Nitriles
- Nitro Compounds
- Nucleosides
- Other Common Reagents
The cytochrome P450 superfamily (CYP) is a large and diverse group of enzymes. The function of most CYP enzymes is to catalyze the oxidation of organic substances. The substrates of CYP enzymes include metabolic intermediates such as lipids and steroidal hormones, as well as xenobiotic substances such as drugs and other toxic chemicals. CYPs are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism and bioactivation, accounting for about 75% of the total number of different metabolic reactions.
| CYP1 | Drug and steroid (especially estrogen) metabolism | 3 subfamilies, 3 genes, 1 pseudogene | CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 |
| CYP2 | Drug and steroid metabolism | 13 subfamilies, 16 genes, 16 pseudogene | CYP2A6, CYP2A7, CYP2A13, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP2J2, CYP2R1, CYP2S1, CYP2U1, CYP2W1 |
| CYP3 | Drug and steroid (including testosterone) metabolism | 1 subfamily, 4 genes, 2 pseudogenes | CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP3A43 |
| CYP4 | Arachidonic acid or fatty acid metabolism | 6 subfamilies, 12 genes, 10 pseudogenes | CYP4A11, CYP4A22, CYP4B1, CYP4F2, CYP4F3, CYP4F8, CYP4F11, CYP4F12, CYP4F22, CYP4V2, CYP4X1, CYP4Z1 |
| CYP5 | Thromboxane A2 synthase | 1 subfamily, 1 gene | CYP5A1 |
| CYP7 | Bile acid biosynthesis 7-alpha hydroxylase of steroid nucleus | 2 subfamilies, 2 genes | CYP7A1, CYP7B1 |
| CYP8 | Varied | 2 subfamilies, 2 genes | CYP8A1 (prostacyclin synthase), CYP8B1 (bile acid biosynthesis) |
| CYP11 | Steroid biosynthesis | 2 subfamilies, 3 genes | CYP11A1, CYP11B1, CYP11B2 |
| CYP17 | Steroid biosynthesis, 17-alpha hydroxylase | 1 subfamily, 1 gene | CYP17A1 |
| CYP19 | Steroid biosynthesis: aromatase synthesizes estrogen | 1 subfamily, 1 gene | CYP19A1 |
| CYP20 | Unknown function | 1 subfamily, 1 gene | CYP20A1 |
| CYP21 | Steroid biosynthesis | 2 subfamilies, 1 gene, 1 pseudogene | CYP21A2 |
| CYP24 | Vitamin D degradation | 1 subfamily, 1 gene | CYP24A1 |
| CYP26 | Retinoic acid hydroxylase | 3 subfamilies, 3 genes | CYP26A1, CYP26B1, CYP26C1 |
| CYP27 | Varied | 3 subfamilies, 3 genes | CYP27A1 (bile acid biosynthesis), CYP27B1 (vitamin D3 1-alpha hydroxylase, activates vitamin D3), CYP27C1 (unknown function) |
| CYP39 | 7-alpha hydroxylation of 24-hydroxycholesterol | 1 subfamily, 1 gene | CYP39A1 |
| CYP46 | Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase | 1 subfamily, 1 gene | CYP46A1 |
| CYP46 | Cholesterol biosynthesis | 1 subfamily, 1 gene, 3 pseudogenes | CYP51A1 (lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase) |